Slip vs. Relapse: Is There A Difference?

How long does recovery last? What counts as a slip vs. a relapse? What is relapse, or freelapse? There’s a lot of disagreement in the addiction treatment and recovery space about whether you can ever actually be cured of addiction.

On the clinical side, most people say no — once you’re in recovery, you’re fighting a battle against addictive substances for life. Outside of the treatment center, however, that conversation looks different. In most recovery groups, there are three different versions of a relapse: a slip, a freelapse and a true relapse.

How Do Relapses Happen?

In most recovery groups, there are three different versions of a relapse: a slip, a freelapse and a true relapse.

What Is a Slip?

When a person slips in their recovery from addiction, it means they give in to their cravings or have a weak moment when facing a specific trigger. During addiction treatment, there’s an emphasis placed on relapse prevention, trigger avoidance and the development of new, healthier coping mechanisms, but nothing can prepare a person 100% for a time when they face these scenarios in real life outside of treatment.

For example, if you’re sober but you go to a bar with friends, you may decide it’s okay to have a drink. If you decide to do so, most people would say you slipped. It’s what what happens next that differentiates a slip from a full-on relapse.

What Counts as a Relapse? Slip vs. Relapse

When a slip is followed by a return to habitual substance use, it becomes a relapse. Often, a person in recovery thinks that because they went through treatment, they’re strong enough to have “just one drink” or use drugs “just this once.” But it’s important to remember that just because you’ve been sober for some amount of time doesn’t mean your brain is prepared to deal with the influence of drugs and alcohol again. Many people who slip, even with the best intentions, find themselves fighting the recovery battle from day one once again.

So, what’s a relapse? Most groups define it as a return to substance use after a period of sobriety, but there’s a lot of disagreement about what separates a slip and a relapse and whether a slip is a real event at all.

What About a Freelapse?

The danger of slipping in recovery is largely why in AA relapse is covered under such black-and-white, abstinence-or-nothing policies. When you’re going through a 12-step program, you’re expected to be completely honest with your group and your sponsor and take accountability for even the smallest lapses in recovery. That’s why the concept of a freelapse is hotly debated.

While a slip and a relapse are typically premeditated — meaning the person in question makes a conscious decision to use — a freelapse isn’t. Maybe you ordered a nonalcoholic drink and the bartender got their orders mixed up. Maybe you went to a concert and were exposed to a cloud of marijuana smoke. You may have had a major surgery and were put on a morphine drip in the recovery room.

For those who believe in the freelapse, the substance abuse involved is accidental. You may experience the same high that you associate with the substance, but it doesn’t count against your recovery.

Relapse Is an Important Issue in Recovery

AA groups tend to have stringent rules about what counts as a relapse because, in the context of addiction recovery, relapsing is much more common than most people realize. Addiction is a chronic disease with relapse rates to match. According to the National Institute on Drug Addiction (NIDA), the average relapse rate for those in recovery from substance use disorders is 40%–60%. This is higher than the relapse rate with treatment for diabetes (30%–50%) and slightly lower than the rates for high blood pressure and asthma (50%–70%).

The high rate of relapse is the reason people in recovery are so concerned about it. You might spend months in treatment and have a freelapse that sends you back to the beginning of your recovery journey.

How Long Does Recovery Last?

This is another hotly debated issue: Can a person ever be cured of addiction? Some people think that after a certain amount of sober time, a recovery slip or a relapse no longer counts. But this is a dangerous way of thinking, because recovery takes a lifelong commitment.

A study in Psychology Today found that the longer recovering addicts were able to stay sober initially, the less likely they were to suffer a relapse down the road. But this doesn’t mean there’s a point in time when relapse no longer is a threat. The late actor Philip Seymour Hoffman had been sober for an extended period of time before he started to use again and died of an overdose at the age of 46 in 2014.

Honesty and Accountability Over Time

While there are always anecdotes that support certain views, there’s a reason almost every treatment center and licensed addiction specialist will tell you that recovery is a lifelong battle. Even slightly relaxing the way you think about addiction and recovery puts you at risk for relapse.

Addiction treatment is difficult — it’s why so many people try and fail to get clean over and over. There’s rarely an easy day in recovery, which is why AA and other sober groups stress discipline and complete abstinence from addictive substances.

There’s no magic number of years you need to be clean to be out of the woods. That’s why honesty and accountability are so important. Be honest with yourself and your peers in recovery, because you share accountability in each other’s recovery. Be honest about slips, and be constructive about ways to avoid them in the future. And if a relapse does occur, don’t try to hide it — leverage the support you have to get back on the right track in your recovery.

Do I Have to Change My Sobriety Date?

Different programs will tell you different things on this topic. The stance in Alcoholics Anonymous, for instance, would be yes. They count your sobriety as the number of days since the last drink you had. The intention of their program is that you move through the 12 steps of the program over and over again, gaining new insight with each repetition. Having to start over with your count is not unlikely nor unexpected; you simply have to begin again and persevere.

If you’re in a another program, you may have the same question. Different programs will have different insights. If you experience a true relapse, it may be time to return to day one. However if you’ve only had a slip-up or a freelapse, you may go back to the program without needing to truly start over.

Ultimately, the path to recovery is a personal one. You must be honest with yourself and decide if your experience has set you back to the beginning of the path or if you can get up, dust yourself off and continue on your way.

Relapse Prevention at FHE Health

FHE Health gives you the tools you need to prevent and overcome slips and relapses, because you won’t have the comfort and stability of a rehab center to lean on forever. We help our clients identify triggers, understand where their impulses are coming from and develop proven strategies to avoid relapse, giving them the best chance to achieve sustainable sobriety after treatment. Contact us to learn more about our treatment programs.